中国人使用石油和煤气为燃料已有相当久的历史,虽然没有直接的史料证明油井开凿的确定年代,据保守估计中国人使用石油和煤气为燃料应该始于西元前四世纪。在汉朝前(西元前三世纪)于四川省发现的天然气(natural gas)又叫做“火井”(oil wells),当地居民在火井边凿孔插入打通的竹管,将火气引上,接至灶下煮盐,这种凿井技术和制盐活动发展到西元前一世纪时已经相当有系统和规模。
古人把当时从石层中流出的黑稠液体称为“弱水”“石漆”“石脂水”“石脑油”,一直到北宋时期由沈括将它命名为“石油”, 他在西元1090年的著作《梦溪笔谈》(Dream Pool Essays)中提到「此物后必大行于世」,虽然当时他只用石油的烟来制墨,但也有人把石油拿来当做 照明燃料、药物、车轴的润滑剂和火攻的武器,但是沈括已预测出石油对人类将有极大的贡献。
友谊网页连结
- At the 2007 world conference of the International Federation for the Promotion of Mechanism and Machine Science, B. Kopey presented this paper on drilling technology (pdf), and claims in it (citing a paper by W. D. Moor) that the Chinese knew how to drill wells by 1000 BC.
友谊网页连结
- At the 2007 world conference of the International Federation for the Promotion of Mechanism and Machine Science, B. Kopey presented this paper on drilling technology (pdf), and claims in it (citing a paper by W. D. Moor) that the Chinese knew how to drill wells by 1000 BC.